COMPACT EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL-SCALE HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION Crossflow turbines with draft tube! CINK turbines can operate in drinking water pipes. They aiso are used to eaerate sewage. In any case they aerate the river, where they operate. They can work with heads from 1.5 m to 200 m. The smallest, 3 kW heats a house. With high heads a large CINK turbine can generate over 5000 kW. The CINK turbine The prototype for the CINK turbine (CT) was the low-speed Michell-Banki crossflow impulse turbine. Deviating from the predecessors the CT makes full use of suction. In Kruzberk water plant the turbine operates succesfully with a draft head of 6.2 meters at the turbine outlet. The incoming water flow is regulated by means of a cylindrical segment. The patented design of this segment guarantees its smooth operation with no risk of turbulence or heavy mechanical stresses in the course of flow adjustments. The closure speed of the segment is variable and if necessary it may be closed slowly over a 10 minutes period to avoid the danger of hydraulic blows. The runaway flow of the CT is approx. the same as operation flow. The design of the regulation mechanism and the low runaway speed of the turbine (180% of normal speed) render redundant all further controlling devices such as turbine brakes, bypass flow gates or synchronizing valves , thereby improving the overall reliability of the installation and dramatically reducing costs. Inherent simplicity and the absence of complicated controlling devices is of particular advantage in the construction of plants which will operate reliably under remote control. This is especially important in isolated locations where it is difficult to find skilled maintenance personnel. The design of the CT allows the unobstructed flow of water through the turbine without the use of guide vanes or similar regulation devices thereby avoiding the danger of sudden blocking of the flow due to malfunctions during operation. The use of so-called tangential regulation in conjunction with optimally designed runner blades allows CTs to perform with remarkably high efficiency over a very broad range of flows. When the available flow rate is as low as 20 % of the design value, the efficiency of the CT still is 75% or higher. CINK turbine makes even better use of small flows as the common crossflow system. Compact design The CINK turbine operates with a 20% higher rotation speed and up to 200% higher flow capacity than the original Banki model. This results in more compact equipment and reduces the overall costs of the installation. Inherent cleanliness The CINK turbine has no hydraulic control units which could contaminate the water with oil or hydraulic fluid. The suspension and bearings of the main shaft do not use oil but rely on a special vaseline-based lubrication system. This is sealed and cannot bleed into the main water flow. For this reason CINK turbines are also very suitable for installation in drinking water systems. The installation of a CINK turbine in a municipal waterworks main before the treatment area can reduce the amount of chemicals which must be added by 20 to 50% due to the aeration effect. CINK turbine efficiency The CINK turbine has a flat efficiency curve with excellent performance even at very low flows, comparing very favourably with other more established models. It copes well with widely varying operating conditions such as fluctuating water levels or large amounts of floating debris

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